ABSTRACT
Background: Adherence with the treatment has been identified as an essential factor that influences the success and outcomes of treatment. Undetected nonadherence is recognized as a reason for altered treatment programs and has been suggested as a reason for nonsignificant research outcomes. Methods: A total of 150 subjects (urban-30 females and 47 males, rural- 36 females and 37 males) were surveyed for information using structured self-questionnaire from outpatient physiotherapy centers, Punjabi University Patiala. Results: More than 95% (77 urban and 73 rural) of the elderly population. About 93.3% urban and 97.6% rural females were nonadherent whereas 91.4% urban and 100% rural males were nonadherent. Observations suggested a statistically significant relationship of barriers with adherence to physiotherapy treatment with location (p=0.0001*), physical therapy centre accessibility (p=0.0235*), difficulty travelling to physical therapy centre (p=0.0020*), paying expenses (p=0.0001*), longer treatment duration (p=0.0004*), less encouragement from family/spouse for exercise (p=0.0106*). A non-significant relationship was found with confidence to return to exercises once stopped (p=0.0998NS), difficulty in remembering exercises (p=0.7928NS), other medical condition (OA, incontinence) (p=0.0796NS), anxiety and depression (p=0.2860NS), ability to perform ADL/IDL (p=0.0888NS). Conclusion: The findings indicate that a very low level of adherence was observed among the elderly population to physical therapy treatment (6.6% urban, 2.7% rural females) and (8.5% urban, 0% of rural males). Elderly residing in rural areas are comparatively less adherent than urban elderly to physiotherapy treatment.
ABSTRACT
Flavor is the crucial part of eating quality. In the preparation of natural identical flavor in different model systems like cysteine- ribose [cys-rib], cysteine-glucose [cys- glu] and cysteine-beef fat [cys-BF] affected at different pH [4.5, 7 and 10] a wide range of flavors was obtained. The proteins as glutamine, glutamic acid and the sugars as D- ribose and D-glucose,l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] and beta-Carotene and all the lab grade chemical as Linoleic acid, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate [Tween-80], Chloroform [99%], Anhydrous sodium sulfate, Dichloromethane [99.8%], 0.1 N HC1 and 0.1N NaOH, Gallic acid, Sodium carbonate, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were used to conduct research. In sugar and amino acid model system, roasted and burnt meat flavor was obvious while in beef fat model system boiled meat flavor was dominated which was strongly supported by sensory evaluation. In rib-cys and glu-cys model systems total phenolic contents [TPC] were highest at pH 7 and pH 4.5, respectively along with browning, leading to strong antioxidant activity. In beef fat-cys model system it was found that as pH increases TPC, browning increases and antioxidant activity becomes maximum at basic pH. All the results indicated that, there is a positive relationship between the TPC, browning and antioxidant activity of all model systems
Subject(s)
Amino Acids , Carbohydrates , Food-Drug Interactions , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Antioxidants , Food Additives , Meat ProductsABSTRACT
Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) administered at a dose of 1mg/kg body wt/day for 5 days decreased hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (63
) and increased isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activity (127
). After withdrawal of HgCl2 treatment for 10 days, the LDH and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities showed 56
decrease, respectively, while alkaline phosphatase (AkP) activity increased 4.12 fold. The ICDH activity got normalized. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GDT) was not affected at all. The hepatic LDH, ICDH and GPT activities decreased 58
. At the end of 15 days after PH, the hepatic ICDH activity increased 4.27 fold, while GPT and GOT activities decreased 67
, respectively. The hepatic ICDH activity of PH-rabbit increased 53
, after 5 days of HgCl2 treatment post-PH, while GPT and AkP activities decreased 89
, 10 days after the last dose, while all other enzymes showed normal values. The total body growth rate and relative liver weight decreased under all experimental conditions.
ABSTRACT
Effect of acute exposure (24 hr) to different oral doses of dimethoate on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 (Cyt. P-450) content and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were determined in pigeon and rat to ascertain difference in the metabolic response as a measure of species selective toxicity. Dimethoate at five different doses caused a statistically significant decrease in Cyt. P-450 content both in pigeon and rat. However, reduction in GST activity was significant at three doses in pigeon and at high dose in rat. Thus, a different quantum of hepatic Cyt. P-450 decrease and a differed response of GST activity against dimethoate exposure in pigeon and rat may be one of the possible causes for relatively higher toxicity of dimethoate in birds.
Subject(s)
Animals , Columbidae , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Dimethoate/pharmacology , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Liver/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
Five newly synthesised biphenyl derivatives were evaluated for their acute contact toxicity (LC50) against rice weevil and honey bee and anti acetylcholinesterase potential (I50) against honey bee, fish, pigeon and rat. Amongst, O,O-dimethyl-O, p-Nitro-biphenyl phosphate was most potent against rice weevil, whereas p-(4-Nitrophenyl) phenyl-N-methyl carbamate against honey bee. Based on I50 values the biphenyl derivatives of phosphoric acid esters were more potent anti acetylcholinesterase (AChE) agents against rat and fish brain AChE while derivative of carbamic esters towards pigeon brain AChE. The anti AChE potency of both groups appear to be of the same order towards bee head AChE.